A Study On The Effects Of pH, Temperature and Solvent On Cell Membrane

Beets, botanically known as Beta Vulgaris. The leaves have been eaten before, but the beetroot was generally used medicinally before 1800's. Scientific background for beetroot is that the pigments cannot go through membranes but they leak out when the beetroot is getting heated or when beetroot is put in alcohol Beetroot is a vegetable which is used in food making and it contains red pigments called betalains, which are located in the cell vacuole. We conducted this experiment so that we can find out when a person heat a beetroot what happens to its colour at different temperatures. The membrane must be disrupted if a scientist wishes to extract the pigment. The purpose of this investigation was to study the effects of environmental changes on the permeability of living beet root cells. 4. Materials and Methods- Everyone was divided into groups of 6 and each group member was assigned a letter from A to F. Everyone picked a letter from A to F in the group and did what they were suppose to do. Person A had to cut out the beet slices approximately 2mm thick into 80 equal pieces and then place the beet pieces in a 400 ml beaker and rinse them thoroughly in cool running tap water, then Person A had to collect the â€Å"beet juice† in 2 test tubes halfway and then give it to the pH group. Person A had to rinse the beet pieces until the water runs clear and distribute the beet pieces to other group members, when done help out person C and D. Person B had to clean the test tubes and collect test tube racks and other general material like paper towel to clean up, ice cubes to use it for procedure C and then help out other people in the group. Person C and D had to set up Procedure A: Effect of PH on the Cell Membrane and collect the red â€Å"beet juice† from the rinsed beets and see how it reacts with acid (Beet juice + few drops of 0. 1 mol/L acid) and base (Beet juice + few drops of 0. 1 mol. L base), and then write down the observations. Then they had to label 7 test tubes from letters A to G with the stock solutions that they were given 0. 1 mol/L HCL and 0. 1 mol/L NaOH. They used graduated 10 mL pipettes to prepare the test tubes from A to G and put 10 mL of 0. 1 mol/L HCL into test tube labeled as A. Then Person C and D pour 10 mL of 0. 01 mol/L HCL into test tube B (1mL HCL from tube A + 9 mL water), then put 10 mL of 0. 001 mol/L HCL into test tube C (1mL HCL from tube B+ 9 mL water). Then they pour 9 mL of tap water into test tube D and 10 mL of 0. 1 mol/L NaOH in test tube E. In test tube F they pour 10 mL of 0. 01 mol/L NaOH (1 mL NaOH from tube E + 9 mL water) and 10 mL of 0. 001 mol/L NaOH (1 mL NaOH from tube F + 9 mL water) into test tube G. They removed 1 mL from test tubes C and G to leave 9 mL in each tube so that all the test tubes have the same amount. Person E had to set up Procedure B: The Effect of an Organic Solvent on the Cell Membrane and lable 2 test tubes with the letter H and I and filled with H- 9 mL of methanol and I- 9 mL of acetone. Person F had to set up Procedure C: Effect of temperature on the Cell Membrane and labeled 6 test tubes witht the letters J through O and set them up as J- heated to 100 degree C (boiling water), K- 70 degree C, L- 50 degree C, M- 35 degree C, N- 10 degree C, and O- 0 degree C (freezing). Then person F immersed 5 beet pieces into the boiling water at the same time for exactly 1 minute and after 1 minute he transferred them to test tube K. (1) After letting the water cool to 70 degree C person F repeated the same step as before by adding the cold water, and then transferring the 5 beet roots to test tube K after 1 minute. Then person F repeated the step (1) for test tube L (50 degree C) and M(35 degree C). After getting the cold water from the ice beaker at the front of the lab person F add 5 beet pieces in the cold water 10 degree C for exactly 1 minute and then immediately transferred them to test tube N. At last person F obtained 5 frozen beat pieces and added them to test tube O. At the end all the 6 members of the group added 5 beet pieces to each test tube at the same and took observations at 5 minutes, 15 minutes and 15 minutes. 5. Results- We found out through our observations that the 2mm thin slices had a larger surface area and leak more pigment therefore the beetroot first bursts the cell membrane and kills the cells. The effects of heat on the beetroot were; at very high temperature the liquid becomes more fluid and the colour becomes darker and darker after every 10 minutes we observed. Cell membrane contains of 70% of the protein and when we heat the protein it gives more energy to it. So basically we learned that beetroot changes colour when heated at very high temperature (100 degree C). 6. Discussions 1. The colour of the solution becomes darker as the temperature increases. As the temperature increases the water becomes more fluid and cell membrane denatures. Cell membrane disrupts when beetroot is heated, freezing the beetroot causes ice crystals to rupture the cell membrane and at the lower temperature there is less leakage of pigment compared to high temperature. 2. The colour of the solution becomes darker as the pH increases and its cloudy pink when pH decreases. The beet root cell membrane denatures membrane proteins at extreme high pH, but at lower pH the protein denatures more which means there are holes in the cell membrane. Solution with the highest pH has very low concentration of hydrogen ion or none.

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Chidera Egbukwu Mr. Bodden ENG4U 10 September 2012 Downturn in Ontario Economy The city of Ontario has become a place of interest due to the economical issue of financial inequality, non-affordable houses, poorest funding of public services among all other provinces. In response to the economic downturn of the Ontario economy due to the excesses of debt run, the world of the Ontario economies is approaching a new era, which is very negative. With a population of more than thirteen million (13,000,000 >), which is 38. % of Canada, Ontario is home to one in three Canadians. More than 15 percent live in urban Centre’s, largely in cities on the shores of the great lakes. Regardless of the size of Ontario, it is ranked at the bottom of the province pack inclusive of: Alberta,  British Columbia,  Manitoba,  New Brunswick,  Newfoundland and Labrador,  Nova Scotia,  Ontario,  Prince Edward Island,  Quebec, and  Saskatchewan. When it comes to funding and access to public programs and services ranging from health care to education and justice to disability benefits.The income gap between rich in Ontario is very high with the provinces poor and middle classes (grassroots citizens) working more hours with inconsequential income gains while the richest still gain more huge income with less experience in hard work, in other words no matter how hard the poor/middle class work they cant earn as much or even 10 percent as much as the rich. Ontario also has the worst record on affordable housing, with 152,077 Ontario households on wait lists in January 2011, the report says.In 2009, Ontario spent $64 per person on affordable housing compared to the provincial average of $115 per person. The poor still can’t even afford the houses that range from prices as high as C$292,500, which happens to be the cheapest price for a house in Ontario. From 1981 to 2010,Ontario experienced the largest income inequality of any of the eleven provinces at the same time having the second highest increase in poverty rate. According to the Ontario long-term report, in 2009, the government announced a comprehensive tax package that will help create jobs and make Ontario more competitive.I think the problem for Ontario with this move might be that borrowing money amongst the middle class and grass-root Ontarians, which will make Ontario reaching its budget target harder to reach. â€Å"Economic growth will slow to 2. 7% in 2011 following the ? rst full-year recovery rebound to an estimated 3. 0% in 2010. The economy grows more slowly in 2012 with the removal of government stimulus and ? scal consolidation along with slower growth in exports. Business investment spending stands out as the most robust sector of the economy growing at an average 6% annual rate during the forecast period.The unemployment rate slowly retreats from its highs, remaining above 8% this year and falling to below 7% in 2014. In? ation spikes higher in 2011 due to higher en ergy and food prices but settles down in the following three years to just above 2% annually. The province’s export-oriented industries struggle under a currency at par and below normal U. S. import demand. â€Å"(Helmut Pastrick, 2011) The highlight of Ontario’s forecast for 2011 to 2014. John Milloy, the minister of community and social services â€Å"we realize that the system needs fixing. I’m the first to admit that there are some huge problems with it†.Personally I take that as an ignorant comment because of the Ontarian government were really concerned about the declining turmoil of the Ontarian economy, immediate changes would be made in the financial aspect of the economy to prevent a great breakdown of the economy from the growth stage to decline stage (recession). Some of the changes I think should be made are: Improvement of basic infrastructure, modernizing tax system , creating more job opportunities to reduce unemployment, more public serv ices ,improving productivity , On the long run. Growth and macro economy.

Business Project Managing And Assignments Management Essay

Business Project Managing And Assignments Management Essay Introduction Before one can tackle the question at hand, i.e. the decisions that a project manager has to make in order to create a cohesive and productive environment for his project team, one must first be familiar with the basics of project management. Project management is a wide area which has gained relatively greater importance in the last three decades. Managers began to realize that project management techniques and abilities were central to the success or failure of projects and thus a great deal of research and literature was published on the factors that affect and influence project management techniques (Maylor, 2005). Needless to say, project management is an area of study that requires a great deal of study because of the number of variables associated with it. This paper will thus start off by giving a brief overview of project management in a bid to first establish that the environment in which the project team feels motivated can in fact determine the success or fa ilure of a project and then move on to critically analyze different ways in which a project manager can improve this environment per se. Business Project Management (1)Various texts have defined a project differently, one could informally see a project as a bid to accomplish a given objective through a set of interlinked tasks using a given amount of resources. It could be something as simple as planning a wedding or a more complex task like building a new house. More formally, a project can be defined as, â€Å"A complex, non-routine, one-time effort limited by time, budget, resources, and performance specifications designed to meet customer needs (Allan 2004, p.12).† From this formal definition we can deduce some main attributes of projects such as the fact that a project has an established objective, a defined life span, has specific time, cost and performance requirements and requires across-the-organization participation. The main attributes of a project are not only ess ential for planning and implementing the project but ultimately, the success or failure of a project is judged on how well it has adhered to these essential attributes. Basically one has to see how well a project meets customer requirements and whether it has been able to do it within the time, cost and performance requirements that had been initially established. As mentioned earlier, projects can comprise large complex assignments or small tasks spanning only a few days. For practical purposes, one must also be familiar with the prevailing types of organizational structures in order to better understand the various ways in which impending projects are tackled by various organizations. The first kind can be labeled as the functional organizational structure. Different segments of the project are delegated to respective functional units of the organization and coordination is maintained through normal communication channels. Such a structure allows for flexibility, in-depth expertis e and easy post-project transition for team members. At the same time however, there is poor integration, a lack of focus and more importantly a lack of ownership for the success or failure of particular tasks. Then there is the dedicated project team structure. It is normally implemented by projectized organizations that are mainly dependent on one time projects to conduct the bulk of their business. In this system, each task or assignment is treated as a distinct project and a group of employees is put into a project team and handed the sole responsibility of completing that particular project (Burke 2003, p.89). The system is fast, simple, cohesive and allows for cross-functional integration from different departments. On the downside, it proves expensive, leads to internal strife between team members and there arises a problem of post-project transition for the employees. Thirdly, there is the matrix structure. It’s a hybrid organizational structure and seeks to combine t he best attributes of the two structures formerly discussed. Basically, there are two chains of command and project participants report simultaneously to both functional and project managers. The matrix structure achieves a greater integration of expertise and project requirements. There are three sub-types of the matrix organizational structure. In the weak-form matrix, the authority of the functional manager predominates and the project manager only has indirect authority. In the balanced form matrix, the project manager sets the overall plan and the functional manager determines how work is to be done.

Debate the pro' and cons of death penalty Essay

Debate the pro' and cons of death penalty - Essay Example Usage of powerful killing drugs has been now put to use for the extermination of criminals sentenced to capital punishment. There was a time when this noble profession of medicine was used only for the purpose to serve mankind and heal. But now it has taken a new turn and physicians are being turned into executioners with the different techniques evolving for capital punishment. There has been an instant where there has been an excellent example given, the case of the Abu Ghuraib who was the alleged man behind the 9/11 attacks being held prisoner in Guantanamo bay prison where he was tortured by physicians and also that physicians are used for torture prisoners often. Dr. David Waisel, a physician participation in capital punishment proceeding (Mayo Clin Proc.2007; 82(9): 1073-1080), described this in terms of saying that what physicians consider dehumanizing the condemned through torture during execution process. They dehumanize themselves and grow numb to the idea of death and kill ing. John Bright (1811-1899), a British Quaker and member of Parliament, put it thus in 1868 "that it is actually the law of capital punishment tends to destroy the fact that reverence for life finishes". There was thing heading under which the basic idea strewn together was that United States does not permit execution of children. Here the idea that is being projected was that United States has allowed the execution of children. In the biological sense, teenagers are considered as children but the law states that children above the age of 14 are considered as adolescents and are vulnerable to commit capital offense therefore they are also candidates who, if commit crime can be taken care off using capital punishment which the adults get. Considering another heading which state that the barbarism is being disguised as an act of benevolence referring to the physicians being involved and taking up the role of that their respective field doesn't allow. It also discusses the idea that this capital punishment which has now been slowly converting physicians to mere executioners by making them to take potent medicines. A medicine which was at one time meant to cure people is now being used against them. This whole act by physicians is called barbaric and also that this mal practice of medicine is considered to be hypocritical to the oath of medicine and physicians. Saving lives isn't the deed but taking has been nowadays. Instead of easing pain the condemned go through torture and succumb to the ultimate, death. Here Dr David Waisel argues, as to why not make death easier for the condemned using medicine and not increase sufferings. It's the final act of benevolence that could be acted out even if it for the sinner. Article 2 Cathleen Kaveny (2008). Justice or Vengeance: IS THE DEATH PENALTY CRUEL & UNUSUAL February 15, 2008. Commonweal. In this article the author throws light on the very delicate issue of taking the decision as to what lengths should a capital punishment or death penalties go and yet not touch the boundaries of

The theory of risk aversion and its utilization by the insurance Essay

The theory of risk aversion and its utilization by the insurance companies - Essay Example This paper outlines the theory of risk aversion, and explains how insurance companies are successfully utilizing this theory to receive substantial amount of profit conducting their activities. Risk aversion is a theory that explains why people are willing to buy insurance. Risk averse means is a situation whereby individuals are willing to pay some money in order to avoid playing a risky game; this takes place even when the expected game value is in this individuals favor. A risk averse individual tends to pay more than the expected value of a game that will let him or her avoid a risk Indemnity is a principle of insurance that states puts it clearly that an insured person will only get compensation if there is a risk occurrence. On the other hand if the event does not occur then the insured will not get any compensation whether money or property. In this case the insurance company will benefit a lot since all the premiums paid will remain as the company’s revenue. The pay off expected by the insured is always less than the premiums he pays; this puts the insurance company in a better position making it a booming business with minimal chances of loss occurrence The big advantage with the insurance company is that it can play games severally and leap much benefits associated with the law of large numbers. The more people the insurance company insures the more it the more it will collect money to cater for administrative costs as well as profits. There is also a numerical illustration in the paper, that helps to bring out the meaning of the theory of risk aversion. The mathematical example makes this theory more intelligible. o the insured it is also obvious that the bigger the pool the smaller the individuals risk of losing large amount of money ,at the same time the less the expected premiums. The Friedman-Savage sought to know why is it that people will buy both insurance and lottery tickets against losses. His view was that this behavior of people was making them both risk averse and risk loving. The answer to this is the fact that a section of the utility function is convex while the other part is concave. Individuals wish to play it safe across the lower range but very much willing to take gambling on the lower and upper parts Illustration A group of thirty people are willing to pay 120 pounds to avoid a risk of losing 15000 pounds. The group can all join together to form a mutual insurance company, collect 120 pounds from each member and pay 15000 pounds to anyone amongst the group who is unlucky and loses coming out ahead. The more people join this mutual insurance company the more the money for its administrative costs and more returns will be realized. By joining this mutual insurance company it shows that the participants are risk averse. The individual's elasticity is . Utility is an indicator of how many percentage points one thing changes as a result of a one percent change in something that affects it.

UK Tax System Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

UK Tax System - Essay Example With the government's source taken from the public taxation always greater than the amount that is intended for use by the government, taxes are levied to fund several programs. Other governmental policies are also geared towards the redistribution of wealth from the rich and poor respectively in relief operations, public education, social security benefits and reparations. However, fundamental methods of collection are not foolproof and possibilities for inefficiencies are always prevalent. Tax policies being a highly political and controversial issue do require extensive analysis and determination on its viability to gain the paying sector's acceptance and economic performance. The neo-classical economic theories whose studies believe that taxation brings about economic inefficiencies have suggested changes in the tax systems that would work to minimise the distortion. Tax remittances of the ordinary working sector accommodating deficiencies brought about by certain deficits were s een as the basis for the recognition of its disadvantages. However the complexities of the British Tax system have served to greatly increase the stress and expense to millions of taxpayers as tax season approaches in Kay(1990)1. Simplification of the British tax system has allowed the common platforms of many political parties in grandstanding tax rules and exemptions. Disadvantages in the assessment, calculation and collection of taxes are often criticized as ineffective and administratively expensive according to Emes and Clemens (2001)2. Determined to maintain absolute performance of the economy, changes were aimed at creating several programs that redistribute wealth and prosperity to all. Tax cuts became a scene in fiscal reforms that has announced reductions in income taxes and simplification of the system which focused on the tax laws themselves without upsetting the current balance of tax burdens or taxes paid by the individual. Alternative tax base system was introduced that basically focused on income, expense and wealth. Income derivatives in the corporate ladder include Value added tax (VAT) and excise taxes while individual income tax has pre-existed along with social insurance continuity. On investment and entrepreneurship, under expenditures or consumption taxes, capital gains and sales taxation is considered tentative in nature. Property tax summarized under wealth taxation has gained support claiming that anti-wealth tax is funded by a coterie of wealthy taxpayers whose instinctive rejection of the sys tem comes from the broad aspiration to become wealthier and amass more fortune by any means. Income derived from gainful employment; pensions; shares and dividends; interest on savings and trust and rentals is deemed taxable at a certain level. Forming the bulk of revenues for the British government, each earning person below the age of 65 is afforded an income tax allowance or a tax-free allowance each year of 5,035Gbp. For earning persons of over 65 but below 74, any income above 7,280Gbp is taxable while elderly individuals whose income is below 7,420 are exempted from paying taxes. But where income is in excess of one's tax-free allowance, taxation is based on the age-related allowance. Earners, whose income is 1 to 2,150 above their mandated tax allowance, shall enjoy a flat 10% tax rate. Those whose accumulated gross

I need to paraphrase Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

I need to paraphrase - Essay Example re cash flow, then the value of the asst is determined by discounting the future cash flows properly through taking into account the total of all the cash flows. d) The value of bonds is determined by the discounted value of the Principal and all the coupon payments and this is done through the use of discount rate. For instance, a ten year value bond that has a value of 10 % will yield value of 1000 or par. g) It can be observed that annual payment of 10 year bond is more risky compared to a similar bond of one year since the value is derived from cash flows that are closer to the current date and vice versa in case of the first one. Slight changes in the yield mean big changes in the discounted far away cash flow values. This results in more fluctuation of the 10 year bond. h) When discount rate (yield) is used to discount the future cash flows, it is assumed that the same return on the investment as the discount rate would be obtained. As commonly known, the discount rate or the current expected return constantly fluctuates depending on the market situation which means that the expected return might not be obtained. This type of risk is referred to as reinvestment risk. i) When there are semiannual payments, the number of periods used also increases. When there is a 10 year semiannual coupon bond with rate of 10% coupon while the current nominal rate is pegged at 13%, the value of the bond would be USD 834.72. j) If a 10 year bond with coupon of 10% as well prevailing interest rate of 10%, between an annual coupon bond and semiannual is bought, the semiannual one is bought while the cash flows are received more quickly. In such a scenario, both coupon rates and current interest rates are the same where there is no price difference. In the event that the coupon rate is different from the nominal rate, a difference is found. For instance, if the current nominal rate is 8%, the annual coupon bond will then be valued at USD 1134.20 while the semiannual is

The Effect of Indian Reforms Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

The Effect of Indian Reforms - Essay Example The Global impact of this change can be assessed from the fact that the Indian economy is now attracting FDI at an increasing speed and it is offering support to world economies through its purchasing power parity and huge market. The reforms have however not yet benefited the entire population and in the interim, the poor-rich inequalities have increased and need to be attended to with speed. Also, the neglected agricultural sector needs to be reformed as well to give a balance to the reform process and the economy at large. It has been concluded that the economy has certainly improved since the reforms were initiated. The days of imperialism and colonialism are pat and in this new age of globalization, the world has veered to the view that all economies are interdependent and that failure of one would have deep repercussion over the rest. This has brought about a spate of reforms that are suggested or forced upon ailing economies, in the overall interest of the world economy. Theoretically, the choice has been, initiated and led by International Financial Institutions, of a big bang and shock therapy. But this formula is applicable in authoritarian regimes that force them on their economies and countries. The other approach, one that has not been largely favored, is gradual and incremental. This has always been looked upon as slow, unwieldy and risky inasmuch that its decisions can be reversed quickly towards status quo on the first signs of failure or strain. India, however, chose the latter method and spread its reforms and the liberalization and globalization process to stretch over almost two decades. In the sixties, it was unimaginable that from a net importer of food, India could become an occasional exporter about forty years later. Similarly, a receiver of foreign aid became a donor, even if a small one. And, foreign exchange, once the great constraint, would eventually become plentiful.  

In what ways are new technologies opening up new spaces of identity Essay - 1

In what ways are new technologies opening up new spaces of identity for young people - Essay Example For example people can play games online and have fun. Its easy now to make a website that belongs to a certain university and has all the students as members in it. Or a website that offers the user to increase its social circle by interacting with different type of people across the globe. I was going through a local magazine today and found a section in it that had real stories about people’s experience on the Internet. I was not amazed at all to find out the story about a happily married couple that first met on the Internet in a local chat room. Events like this are becoming common in the world. This story only tells about people living in the same region but in fact there are stories about people living in different parts of the world that met on the Internet and went on to get married. In the same way people have started making friends around the globe that share common interests. Now I will discuss about some websites that are extremely popular and have millions of peo ple as their members. The recent trend in Internet entertainment is towards websites that allow people to interact with different people across the globe. As we all know Internet removes the barrier of time synchronization hence it enables the people around the world to mingle with each other. Websites like Orkut, Facebook, Netlog, Hi5, and My Space have been the major target of users looking to make new friends and have fun on the Internet. I will only discuss Orkut and Facebook that are the leaders. The strategy of the owners of these website is quite simple, that is enable interaction between people in the circle of law and order and provide entertainment. While this is going on the owners of these websites are not dumb enough to do this without earning money. Every organization that wants to promote their firm through the Internet finds it easy to market themselves through websites that are most frequently visited. These websites that claim to increase a person’s social circle

The Persuasive Message Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The Persuasive Message - Assignment Example During the Reclassification Program, six extra workers were transferred to my department from Public Relations department (two employees) and from Financial Monitoring department (four employees), and made work under six experienced workers. However, extra workplaces for employees on reclassification have never been specifically prepared and equipped due to their new positions. New workers of External Relations department have stayed on their previous workplaces in Public Relations department and Financial Monitoring department on a fourth floor, room 403 and 404 correspondently. Due to the nature of reclassification process, extra workers tend to experience problems and seek the advice of experienced personnel who they were made to work upon, and experienced workers often have to leave their workplaces and go on a fourth floor to consult new workers. Conversely, new workers have to go on a second floor to receive the qualified advice. Therefore, despite the encouraging first statist ical results of the Reclassification Program, I’m forced to ask you to reconsider working conditions of External Relations department and consolidate both its qualified and new workers within a single floor and a single

Innocent Commission Essay Example for Free

Innocent Commission Essay It is better to let a thousand guilty individuals go free than to let one innocent person suffer (Volokh, 1997). The rationale behind this statement is that nobody can put a price in the life and liberty of a person. Wrongful conviction of an innocent man destroys his whole life and family. While the innocent is suffering the punishment for something that he did not do, the guilty is enjoying the freedom that the innocent man deserved but has been deprived of. The Criminal Justice System provides that in criminal cases, the burden of proof required to convict a person is proof beyond reasonable doubt and this burden lies in the State. This means that if there is so much of an iota of doubt in the innocence or guilt of a person then the State has no choice but to let the accused go because it has not fully satisfied its burden. Wrongful conviction is caused by several factors such as improper forensics, false conviction and other unfortunate incidents. Improper or unvalidated forensics is one of the biggest causes of wrongful conviction in the United States. Before DNA testing was available, many individuals were sent to prison on the basis of the eyewitness testimonies which are not one hundred percent accurate. The discovery of DNA analysis in the 80s greatly helped in ruling out and identifying innocent from guilty persons. Aside from DNA testing, other forensics tests are used to verify completely the identity of the victim and the accused such as tests to compare bite marks, shoe prints, firearms, hair microscopy and many more. Some of these may not be fully subjected to rigid evaluation and there may be a tendency for these tests to be handled incorrectly or presented vaguely in trial which in turn may lead to a wrongful conviction (Innocence Project, N. d.). Innocent individuals also get convicted based on false confessions not only from them but from acclaimed eye witnesses as well. In some cases, the accused, even though innocent says some incriminating statements that sooner or later lead to their conviction. There are many reasons why innocent people confess to crimes they did not commit. Some of them are just coerced or under duress when they made that statement. Studies show that some confessions are influenced by the mental state of the person. For instance, confession from minors are often unreliable given the fact that they are not fully aware of the repercussions of their actions and they can easily be persuaded. Children under legal age can seem to be quite vulnerable that some law enforcers seem to take advantage of this kind of situation(Innocence Project, 2003). When a crime happens and the victim files a charge, he becomes a witness for the State and in turn, the government will do everything they can to overturn the burden and get the bad guy out of the street. It is a good thing that the State is there to protect its people, however, it becomes a bad thing when the prosecution oversteps some boundaries in order to secure a conviction regardless of the guilt or innocence of the accused. The Criminal Justice System should be given credit for their hard work solving crimes and capturing the guilty. The police and other fellow law enforcers are reliable and trust worthy but as rewarding as the job is, there can be a few bad apples in the department and as sad as it is to admit, these incidences cause people to lose faith in the government (Innocence Project, 2003). Helping the victims get justice for what happened to them and putting guilty people in jail are both remarkable acts but helping an innocent person escape the punishment he does not deserve also has its own equal reward. References Innocence Project. N. d.   Understand `the Causes. Retrieved June 3, 2009, from http://www.innocenceproject.org/about/Contact-Us.php Innocence Project. 2003. North Carolina Actual Innocence Commission.Retrieved June 3, 2009, from http://www.innocenceproject.org/docs/NC_Innocence_Commission_Mission.html Volokh, A. 1997. n Guilty Men. University of Pennsylvania Law Review. Retrieved June 3, 2009, from http://www.law.ucla.edu/volokh/guilty.htm

Legal Ethics Assignment Essay Example for Free

Legal Ethics Assignment Essay 1. Food and Drug Administration. This agency and proposed regulation interests me because since it is something that has become popular in the recent years and that it affects many people in the united states and in the world today. Yes, many people in the gaming industry smoke on a regular basics. It will not affect the business directly; just the workers in the industry. 2. The proposal is a consideration of applicable approval mechanisms and additional indications for nicotine replacement therapies (NRTs), and input on a report to Congress examining the regulation and development of innovative products and treatments for tobacco dependence. In more basic terms it is trying to get tobacco dependent treatments or mechanisms, such as electronic cigarettes, a chance to be officially approved by the FDA. 3. Six months after most people purchased e-cigarettes, 31% of these smokers said theyd quit cigarettes and two-thirds of them said theyd cut back on the number of cigarettes they smoked. A third of those whod quit smoking also quit using e-cigarettes. But E-cigarettes have not been tested for efficacy and safety. Additionally, they are produced overseas with little oversight to ensure good manufacturing practices. To regulate this product identified chemicals and quantities that is used in this product, release pros and cons for this product, and put a warning label on the product about the risk of addiction to nicotine. I wish to accomplish in my comment was to help the FDA is that there is pros in the use of E-cigarettes. Also, that the use of E-cigarettes is a lower and healthier risk then the use of regular tobacco cigarettes. 4. The deadline was Jan 16, 2013. 5.   a. Private citizens, government officials, industry representatives, businesspeople, and corporations can all send in comments based on provided proposed regulation during the public comment period. Anyone who wishes to challenge the validity of a federal regulation after it becomes law must participate in the comment period and voice his or her concerns at that time. Some agencies hold public hearings on proposed regulations. The purpose of the hearings is to take input on the proposals and consider additional evidence and consider additional evidence and factors relevant in promulgating the final version of the rule.† Business: Its Legal, Ethical, and Global Environment, 9th Edition. b. 1) Arbitrary and Capricious. Standard for challenging administrative agency rules; used to show decisions or rules were not based on sufficient. 2) Substantial Evidence Test. Basis for challenging the action of an administrative agency on the grounds that the rule promulgated was not based on enough evidence. 3) Failure to comply with the Administrative Procedures Act requirements of notice, publication, and public comment or input. The procedures for rulemaking must be followed in order for the regulatory process, and the resulting rules, to be valid. 4) Constitutional challenge. The regulation is unconstitutional. Dealing with regulations giving an agency authority to search records, or impose discriminatory requirements for licensing professionals. 5) Ultra Vires. Action taken beyond the scope of authority; with federal agencies, action taken that is beyond the congressional authority given in the enabling statute. c. From five legal theories, I would use Substantial Evidence Test to challenge this proposed regulation of not ban the use of electronic cigarettes. I choose this theory is based on the fact that there is enough evidence to prove that electronic cigarettes will not do the same damage to human as real cigarettes do. Because electronic cigarettes contain different chemical other than liquid nicotine, there is enough research to prove that other chemical will not affect people’s health, meaning electronic cigarettes are still a healthy alternative of cigarettes. Also, companies that manufacture electronic cigarettes claim their products do not contain carcinogens or tar or produce secondhand smoke, should be the first concern of making this regulation.

Subjective Well-being Concept: Strengths and Weaknesses

Subjective Well-being Concept: Strengths and Weaknesses Subjective wellbeing: A critical discussion of its strengths and weaknesses Subjective Wellbeing is a new science and has to do with how people see their lives in terms of personal satisfaction (Diener, Suh, and Oishi, 2005, pg. 1). It can be affected by moods, illness, positive and negative emotions, economic status, and many other factors. The concept of Subjective Wellbeing has been around for a long time; however it has only been in recent years that researchers have studied and tested it. All those involved admit that it is not the final word and more research needs to be conducted (Frank, 2005, pgs. 69-79). Subjective Wellbeing has strengths, but there are also limitations. Subjective Wellbeing studies are important and valuable in that they provide us with a deeper understanding of human nature and they give us information that will assist us in improving the quality of life for others. Much progress has been made in researching the area of subjective wellbeing, but most of the current literature in this field indicates there are limitations. One of the strengths of Subjective Wellbeing is its usefulness in improving the quality of life. Emmons and McCullough (2003) conducted a study on the effects of gratitude on wellbeing. Participants were randomly assigned conditions. They were asked to meditate once a week or once a day for 2-3 weeks on what in their life they can be grateful for. They claim the results of this study were significant in their positive impact on wellbeing. They had to admit that they did not know how long the results would last (pg. 386). Subjective Wellbeing studies are usually administered as questionnaires and can give us a good indication as to quality of life for individuals providing the term â€Å"wellbeing† is clearly defined (Muldoon, Barger, Flory, and Manuck, 2003, pp. 542-545). Any abstract study of this nature must have clear definitions of key terms such as â€Å"wellbeing†, yet not necessarily a highly defined term as most people instinctively know what makes their lives better or happy. On the other hand, there are some scientists that are critical of the notion that most people know instinctively what gives them a sense of wellbeing. These critics claim that wellbeing can mean different things to different people. There are critics who do not believe that people necessarily have the ability to make an accurate assessment of their own wellbeing. The argument has been presented that people can become quite adaptable to less than favorable circumstances and conditions and will answer the qu estionnaire in a manner that is not completely honest. They may have become used to lowered living conditions and therefore would regard themselves inaccurately as having greater satisfaction than what they would normally report. Critics of this subjective study also have a problem with the lack of objective reference points. They believe it makes it difficult to compare people’s assessments of their own wellbeing (Van Bruggen, 2001, pg. 10-12). When reviewing the answers to the questionnaires it would appear that there is a common thread in the way people respond to them. This allows us to believe many of the same things give people a sense of wellbeing, yet when the answers are examined more closely idiosyncrasies are revealed. When investigated in depth it appears there are differences in what determines wellbeing for each individual. It would be important to ask the right questions. This would require an understanding of what constitutes wellbeing. The question arises as to what human goals or needs are the building blocks for Subjective Wellbeing. If we want to understand what makes for wellbeing we must determine universal goals and needs. These goals and needs are supposed to represent the components of Subjective Wellbeing. If these goals and needs are fulfilled, then it is believed that the individual will score high on subjective wellbeing. If this is true then those needs and goals must be identified. It is not on ly the achievement of those goals and needs that contributes to wellbeing, but also the way they are achieved. Within the context of goals and needs are many questions, such as if there is greater satisfaction through them being met through personal achievement or luck (Van Bruggen, 2001, pg. 10-12). One question researchers have regarding these Subjective Wellbeing studies is if a person’s sense of wellbeing is consistent and stable. Critics of Subjective Wellbeing question the study participants’ truthfulness and reliability. It has been determined that the respondents’ mood when taking the questionnaire can bring about an inaccurate outcome (Muldoon, Barger, Flory, and Manuck, 2003, pgs. 542-545). In a study conducted to determine the affect of mood on Subjective Wellbeing, Robinson (2000) states: Although laboratory studies can highlight the effects of mood  on processing and judgment, they cannot tell us about how  people evaluate their daily lives. By measuring naturally occurring  life events, mood states, and cognitive WB, the present investigation  sought to fill this gap. In particular, the primary purpose  of these studies was to understand the relation between daily  experiences and cognitive WB. The results of cross-sectional  and longitudinal designs reveal that the relation between life  events and cognitive WB is entirely mediated by mood states. Mood states appear to serve both reactive and prospective  functions, and are therefore the key to cognitive WB change (page 10). Another factor to be considered in Subjective Wellbeing studies is that of personality traits. Certain personality traits can influence the outcome of the questionnaire skewing the results. Chan, Ungvari, Shek, and Leung (2003) conducted a study to determine the quality of life of Chinese patients with schizophrenia. Their study was longitudinally based and they report this was the strength of their research. They claim this longitudinal design provided for greater accuracy because it regulated â€Å"influence of personal characteristics on dependent variables† (page 3). One of the limitations of their study is that the sample size was too small and they lacked a matched control group (page 3). In considering personality traits affecting the outcome of Subjective Wellbeing studies the question of IQ has been explored. Researchers led by Professor Ian Deary at the Edinburgh University in Scotland conducted a study where they recruited 500 volunteers who agreed to have their IQ’s tested. The participants had their IQ’s tested at the age of 11 years old and then at the age of 80 years old. The results of this test were that there was no correlation between their IQ’s and overall life satisfaction. What the researchers did find was that health played a factor in life satisfaction but not the intelligence level of the individual. Oftentimes a higher IQ causes the individual to place more demands and higher expectations on themselves. This can set the individual up for disappointment and therefore lower Subjective Wellbeing scores (Deary, et. al. 2005, pgs. 141-142.) An interesting model was created that did not address life satisfaction directly but nevertheless had an impact on Subjective Wellbeing. This model was developed to determine emotional-social intelligence (ESI) and was called the Bar-On model. This model measured behavior and performance and it proved to be consistent over time and highly accurate across cultures. Although the Bar-On model was not used specifically for measuring Subjective Wellbeing its results were very important and gave scientists information that can be applied in this area. What this model revealed were the areas in an individual that could use improvement in order to enhance overall life satisfaction. This model’s strength is its usefulness in many different areas and that it is highly teachable. It could be very useful in schools, for example. As with other models, longitudinal studies are required to obtain greater understanding and also acquire more accurate outcomes (Bar-On, R, 2005, pg. 20). Frank (2005) states the methods used to measure Subjective Wellbeing oftentimes do a fairly good job of monitoring the experiences we have that we are consciously aware of but there are limitations. One of the limitations is that there may be other things that are more important to us than those experiences we are cognitively aware of. He gives the following example: Suppose we lived in parallel universes and in one of those universes you earned $100,000 a year and in the other one you earned $200,000 a year. Suppose the individual would feel equally happy in either universe. Then consider that the people who lived in the wealthier universe would be inclined to spend more money on keeping a cleaner environment resulting in a longer and happier life for everyone. Frank states it is obvious that people would be better off living in the richer universe. His point is that there may be other things that are more important to us that we are not consciously aware of at this time; therefore the results of Subjective Wellbeing measures may not be accurate (pgs. 69-79). As we can see there are limitations to Subjective Wellbeing as a measure for life satisfaction, yet it has enough strength that it is still an important and useful emerging science. References Bar-On, R. (2005). The Bar-On model of emotional-social intelligence (ESI).  Issues in Emotional Intelligence, (1)4, pp. 1-28. In P. Fernà ¡ndez-Berrocal and  N. Extremera (Guest Editors), Special Issue on Emotional Intelligence.  Psicothema, 17. Chan, G.W.L.; Ungvari G.S.;, Shek, D.T.L.; Leung, J.P. (2003).  Impact of deinstitutionalisation on the quality of life of Chinese patients with  schizophrenia: A longitudinal pilot study. Hong Kong J Psychiatry, 13(4), pp. 2-5. Deary, A.; Gow, A.; Whiteman, M.; Pattie, M.; Whalley, L.; and Starr, J. (Jul 2005).  Lifetime intellectual function and satisfaction with life in old age:  longitudinal cohort study. BMJ. 331, pp. 141–142. Diener, E.; Suh, E.; and Oishi, S. Recent Findings on Subjective Well-Being (2005,  pg. 1). Retrieved August 1, 2005 from  http://www.psych.uiuc.edu/~ediener/hottopic/paper1.html Emmons, R.A. and McCullough, M.E. (2003). Counting blessings versus burdens:  An experimental investigation of gratitude and subjective wellbeing in daily life.  Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, Vol. 84, No. 2, pp. 377-389. Frank, R.H. (Spring, 2004). How not to buy happiness. Daedalus. Vol. 133, Issue 2,  pp. 69-79. Muldoon, M.F.; Barger, S.D.; Flory, J.D.; Manuck, S.B. (14 Feb. 1998). What are  quality of life measurements measuring? BMJ, 316, pp. 542-545. Robinson, M.D. (2000). The reactive and prospective functions of mood:  Its role in linking daily experiences and cognitive well-being. Cognition and Emotion,  14(2), pp. 145-176. Van Bruggen, A.C. (2001). Individual production of social well-being: an  exploratory study. pp. 1-16. Retrieved August 1, 2005 from  http://dissertations.ub.rug.nl

The Commercialization of Extreme Sports (X Sports) Essay -- X Sports

The Commercialization of Extreme Sports (X Sports) ABSTRACT For years, extreme sports had little to nothing in common with each other except for high risk, and an appeal to women and men from the ages of 12 to 34. Entertainment Sports Programming Network (ESPN), realizing this age group was a prime viewing audience, brought together several extreme sports and created yet another commercialized sporting spectacle. Since 1995, this television network has produced the Summer X Games. After these summer productions proved to be successful television and live spectator events, ESPN expanded into the winter extreme sports. The Winter X Games have been produced since 1997. This paper, which commences with the rise of extreme sports, is an historical and sociological analysis of the creation and growth of the ESPN X Games. While these commercialized adventure and extreme sporting events have had some obvious growing pains, both the Summer and Winter X Games have grown into events which annually attract thousands of spectators and viewers while offeri ng fame and a few dollars to their participants. INTRODUCTION One need only take a quick glance at the daily news to discover that society in general is still in a state of constant change (Leonard, 1993). In the United States, this is especially true as the baby boomers begin to age and the new generation comes of age. In particular, social scientists define the emerging generation of youth, which has been labeled the X Generation, as extremists who at times defy both logic and protocol (Terrazas, 1998). Popular culture is a reflection of these attitudes, from the music of Marilyn Manson to the newly released video, There’s Something about Mary. Furthermore, this new gener... ...ents. (1996). [On-line]. Available: http://espn.go.com/editors/xgames/960925winterx.html Winter X Games facts. (1998). [On-line]. Available: http://espn.go.com/xgames/winterx98/facts.html X Games fact sheet. (1996). [On-line]. Available: http://espn.go.com/editors/xgames/fact.html X Games moving to San Diego. (1997). [On-line]. Available: http://espn.go.com/editors/xgames/0710sd.html X Games TV schedule. (1996). [On-line]. Available: http://espn.go.com/editors/xgames/0429pr2.html Youngblut, S. (Ed.). (1998). Way inside ESPN's X Games. New York: Hyperion. Zipp, J. F. (1997). Spring Training. In Noll, R. G. & Zimbalist, A. (Eds.), Sports, jobs & taxes (pp. 427-451). Washington: Brookings Institution. NOTES 1This quotation, and others like it, is from Internet web pages. These sources do not contain page numbers, as none appear on the site.

City on a hill: A new nation is born :: essays papers

City on a hill: A new nation is born The city on a hill idea was first taught by the puritans that came from Europe, that wanted America to be a shining example to all the world. It was to be a place built on new rules and new ideas. Overall, it was supposed to be a nation that rose above all the others so that it could be marveled at and copied. In this paper it will be proven that the federalist approach to how the â€Å"City on a Hill† idea should be put into action was superior to the ways of the anti-federalists because of three things that they did:1. Protected the people from tyranny, 2. Provided opportunity, 3. Insured liberty, 4. Protected individual rights and liberty, and 5. Had a more lasting effect on the methods used for ruling our country. The federalists definantly protected the people of their country from tyranny. Before the federalists, the anti-federalists ruled the states, and they were very tyrannous. For example, they wanted all of the states to each take up a portion of the debt from the revolutionary war. This was easily payable by the larger states that had much industry, but for the smaller or less industrially developed states, this was a debt that they were just not able to handle. The federalists finally decided when they had the power that they would assume the debt as a part of a deal to move the capitol to Washington, D.C. This is just one example of how the anti-federalists tried to control the citizens while the federalists wanted to free the people and give them a chance to lead a free life. The federalist party definantly gave the people of the United States opportunity. The anti-federalists, however, did not. They not only jailed those in debt, but also they never set up a national bank to make loans so that people could cope with their debt. From setting up a national bank to helping people in debt, the federalists were able to lend money and keep people from being imprisoned for owing money. This allowed for the opportunity to grow and to expand to many of the peoples of the U.S. The federalists insured liberty by putting an end to being jailed for debt. While the anti-federalists put the law into effect that allowed people to be jailed for their debts, until the people were so tired that they staged a rebellion, the federalists got rid of this and set up the bank and took over state debts from the war.

tellectual Life of the Painters of the Early Renaissance :: History

Intellectual Life of the Painters of the Early Renaissance Before attempting to answer the question it is important to consider what we mean by ‘early Italian Renaissance. Unlike many periods in history the Renaissance has no obvious start and end dates, for the purposes of this assignment I will define the approximate period within which to look as about 1390 to about 1520. 1390 represents the time when the Carrara court in Padua was gaining an intellectual reputation of excellence, as well as this being about the time that two Roman coin like medals were cast of Francesco II and his father. This represents a typically renaissance trait of looking to antiquities for inspiration, as will be discussed later. The time around 1520 represents when Raphael died this was followed closely by the death of Pope Leo X, the second High Renaissance pope. It is after their deaths that the creative and optimistic mood in Italy began to fade. The decade ending 1520 saw Leonardo da Vinci leaving for France and then dieing there in 1519. There are many other examples that could confirm these dates as significant, and also many more that would dispute them, but for the purposes of simplicity we will take these as a guide. In the beginnings of the Renaissance painting was seen very much as a craft performed by members of the artisan class and not a ‘liberal art’. In fact the term artist was not used, as it is today, as a general term meaning painter and sculptor. ‘Artista’ was a term already in use by Dante, but it was used in reference to a University level graduate of the ‘liberal arts’, it is not until the beginning of the sixteenth century that it is used in a context resembling today's usage. The lower status of painting at the beginning of the Renaissance is reflected in the fact that members of the aristocracy or learned class did not generally practice it. A member of the Milanese aristocracy, Giovanni Antonio Boltraffio’s epitaph stressed that although he was a painter, he was an amateur, because if it were thought that he made his living from painting it would significantly lower his social status. It is for this reason that few people in the early Renaissance would see painting as a method of social advancement or to demonstrate intellectual ability. This did not however stop many

American Popular Culture and Advertisement

In this essay I will describe the impact that popular American culture has had on my personal decision making, by briefly describing popular American culture; identifying patterns in my list of popular culture artifacts from my inventory, describing which items are more common than others, identify which themes are prevalent, and describing some of the values being communicated by the items in my list. American popular culture can be describes as the ideas, attitudes, and perspectives within the current mainstream of the American population. Popular culture here in American is heavily influenced by the mass media which saturates the lives of our society. This mass culture can been viewed as a commercial culture, mass produced for mass consumption and has expressed itself through almost every medium, like music, movies, politics and even sports like good old American Baseball; although it easily absorbs many others cultural traditions like soccer which originated from England, and yoga which is said to be as old as civilization itself. Some of the patterns of the items in my list of artifacts are those of consumption, and there are other artifacts that are just to sell an idea or service. What is obvious in each of the themes in my list of artifacts is that they are designed to grab your attention, and those that are more common than others are the magazines, billboards, and television. They are all conveniently displayed while waiting for your appointment, getting gas for your car or just waiting at a stop light on the way to your destination. These artifacts entice, seduce and focus on pleasure or some type of social responsibility like the billboards asking anyone to assist the LAPD to identify the women who were murdered by the â€Å"grim sleeper. † The extent to which I feel that the value of popular American culture has had on my personal decision making is great. I watch television to keep up with current events for socializing with others and feeling a part of, I listen to music for the same reason, and many of the decisions I make as an American is to feel a part of American culture. I am very aware of the impact that the influence of this popular culture has on my decision making, how I am seduced to buy a product from an infomercial that states I can look younger, or remove any flaws I may have or lose excess pounds of weight, knowing that I will be billed for much more than they advertised. I am quite aware that I don’t need most of the items I find in the advertisements, but my vanity and wanting to be younger, better, thinner, or even have more money, the seduction draws me in and consciously fall into place with many who assimilate to this hegemonic culture feeling like I am doing what I am supposed to do.

Movie Review of Secret (2007 Taiwanese Film) Essay

Casts* Jay loot as Ye Xianglun A music student majoring in balmy and lives with his father * Kwai Lun-mei as Lu Xiaoyu A music student who lives with her buzz off * Anthony Wong Chau-sang as Xiangluns father Xiangluns father and the discipline teacher at his discipline * Alice Tzeng as Qing Yi Xiangluns classmate who is in get along with him * Yuhao Zhan as Yu Hao A music student and givinged lenient player, nicknamed Prince of the diffuse, he had a piano battle with Xianglun mystery story is an amazing icon to look at and to listen to. The depiction tells a simple scarcely when real beautiful love story which is onlytoned between past and present. The story, the music, the talent youll rightfully be amazed and be in love with it when you see it yourself. You cant imagine that it would be magical. Its a unique story, unpredictable and interesting. Whats more interesting is there is more to it than what meets the eye. painstaking attention must be paid to all scenes, or else the story wint click and the end wont be as good. here(predicate)s the spoil. Ye Xianglun is a budding musical theater genius whose way with piano keys makes him a hit with the ladies, and even the guys, who recognize talent when they see it. Ye arrives at Tanjiang Art nurture and already hes cosmos watched, but his eyes and heart atomic number 18 now stolen by Lu Xiaoyu, an elegant, bewitching flirt who initiative happens upon Ye in the shallows aged piano room. The deuce begin a cute, casual reverie thats defined by hugger-muggers.Basically, Lu keeps them, starting with her name, then extending them to other affaires handle where she goes, what she does, and why shes always thoughtless from class. Since shes so effervescent and attractive, Ye is immediately smitten. Ye has a secret too, but Ill give it away his dad is a teacher at the school, and hes com duckye by Anthony Wong in an shady performance thats vintage Wong. Ye in like manner has some(a ) friends at school who arent as amusing, and even qualify as annoying and bothersome. some(a) of these characters are played by Chous minute pop music pals. Since this is a Jay Chou (Ye Xianglun) production (besides starring and directing, he penned the pilot program story and contributed the music), its sole(prenominal) comprehendible that Chou make room for some of his buddiesas well as his pet obsessions, especially music. Ye becomes the class celebrity when he kicks ass in a piano battle, which is as entertaining as it is patently construct. Basically, Ye outfoxes his opponent on the off-white keys, winning the hearts of the daughters and the guys, while legato remaining cool and sheepish in that inimitable Ye Xianglun way.Chief among his admirers is the pretty Qing Yi, who starts to shove on Ye big time. But Ye only has eyes for Lu. Or does he? patronage getting along swimmingly with Ye, Lu soon gets the idea that Ye is two-timing her with Qing. This is referable to y our standard crossed wires and mistaken circumstances, but the misinterpreted event is profuse to throw a massive crush-killing wrench into their puppy love. That would plausibly be a terrible thing to behold if not for the fact that the descent up until then was hardly inspiring. Ye Xianglun and Lu Xiaoyu have decent chemistry, but the family between their characters neer seems that deep. Theres a manufactured quality to the confabulation that makes their supposed love a procedure unconvincing, and without more acute emotions the pullulate begins to drag. Sadly, ploughshare of this is the fault of Ye Xianglun, the actor. Ye possesses a certain likable charm, but his presence hardly screams passion. His fashion is unspoilt too remote Ye tries hard, but he cant study a complete range of emotions. shoring things up, however, is Lu Xiaoyu.When she initially appears, she acts too overmuch like an idealized good girl flirt to be real its like shes some manufactured idea of what perfect high school romance should be. However, as it turns out, theres a reason for her bizarre coquettish behavior, and as the lease divulges more of the hows and whys, Lu is given a chance to convey emotions that prove heartbreaking. Her penetrate presence is refreshing and her emotions rattling moving if Secret manages to chance on, Lu Xiaoyu is a large reason why. The revealing of the snaps eponymous secret is what gives Lu the chance to really affect the hearing and yet its too when the movie starts to lose its credibility. The mechanism loafer the blasts secret is never known, but the logic of how it works is explained explicitly, much(prenominal) that every incident and action in the film needs to checker a set of rules explained by the characters and depicted by the events themselves. But the film ultimately doesnt adhere to its convictions, eventually twisting events to fit desired emotions and skirting around the rules that theyve laid out for us.The film gives us a denouement, but itsonly pitiful because it fits some sort of predetermined reference expectation, and not because it surprises or really affects. Some citizenry may be riant with how Secret ends. But does the film pull together its ending? I dont think that it does. At least Secret is a very pretty ride. On artifice alone, the film is aces, serving up beautiful art direction, motion-picture showtography and music. Ye Xianglun (Jay Chou) really knows how to compose a tune the films original music is genuinely stirring, and preexisting pieces are well-chosen and resonating of the films innocent amatory mood. Secret serves the senses exceptionally well so much so, that its almost tragical when it ultimately throws logic out the window. Ye Xianglun and come with have created a nice diminutive valentine, but their desire to give the film more weight eventually leaves it adrift.The film barrels towards its intended goal with miniscule regard for common sense, leaving the audience with nothing besides the pretty pictures and people to shore it up. Amazingly, that gambit is more favored than not, and Lu Xiaoyu (Kwai Lun-mei) practically drags the film crossways the finish line herself. Without her the film would plausibly sink beneath its own self-importance, as its manufactured sheen and occasionally miscalculated choices have the film little more than a superficially gorgeous pure love diversion for jejune girls and the boys they drag to the cinema along with them.Thatll in all likelihood do just fine for most, since manufactured diversion seems to be a standard expectation for more modern moviegoers. Secret will probably score well with its intended teen audience, especially if they take in the film as a single, one-off experience. Further viewings would only reveal the films holes to be gaping and perhaps intolerable, but upon first glance, Secret is pretty and polished enough to charm. You should watch it too

Cognitive Therapy

cognitive therapy Is an effective wight In treating fussiness Issues In young children, especially teens and adolescents. Cognitive therapy has been use by pleaders for m all years, and has been turn up to be sort of effective in the caution of teen pettishness issues. Different methods and techniques have been used for different individuals pain from impatience issues. The specific method used dep subverts on the severity of the exasperation, and on what shits best because each(prenominal) individual leave behind defend differently to true types of treatment.This type of therapy Involves the ability for one to change their senseless Hough processes into to a greater extent rational and healthier thoughts. Cognitive therapy to a fault allows teens to cope with their fussiness in a healthier way. It Is especially Important to support teens control his or her displeasure because striplings can be very refractory and stubborn in changing their ways (Hall, 2012). p eevishness steering can be counterproductive for any individual. It can cause problems with relationships, employment, or during social events. Cognitive therapy teaches teens ways in which this type of unhealthy anger can be channeled properly (Hall, 2012).Counselors have entrap that cognitive therapy Is extremely effective In version teenagers with anger problems. Cognitive therapy Is especially necessary In stakes in which the teen can have a severe and sudden popburst. These types of scenarios can cause teems to go harm to t stitchselves or others, and should never be taken too lightly. When anger is noticed in adolescents, it is a necessity that such issues be micklet with at a very young age. If the child is left untreated for too long, serious damage can materialise later on In that Individuals life.These types of programs have been proven to change the behavior and the way information is elegant for the teen. It shows them a new way to cope with their anger and to c hange their ways of behaving. Of course these argon secure some techniques and tools used for anger issuement in teens. Anger parcel outment uses different ways of overbearing and managing anger to avoid rash behavior. Teenage anger should not be ignored it can contribute to violence, substance abuse, or participation in unfit behavior. An example is a teenage multiple offender with road rage is ordered by a Judge to attend anger management classes.This tool helps teenagers to detect their stir ups, warning signs, and ways to diffuse their anger effectively, before they react. It helps reduce stress, anxiety, and antisocial behaviors. An of import expertness for teenagers to cultivate is healthy anger management. Anger is normal, and we must deal with it in an appropriate way. Anger management skills atomic number 18 stress management techniques, communication, and problem-solving skills. Techniques of anger management require practice but becomes like secant nature wit h repetition.It is acceptable to Just leave the office staff that whitethorn make the teenager angry. It can be best for them to give themselves time to cool down. It is important for the teenager to give creative expression to take the emotion. They can write down what they feel and be honest about their feeling and what made hem angry. The writing should be private and not remove by anyone. It is important for the teenager to get the feelings out instead of bottling them up inside. Playing calm medical specialty can be relaxing to some as well and help settle the anger.A walk, Jog, or work out can help a teenager channel their anger. This helps to reduce a persons emotional tension. forge helps endorphins neuron chemicals that help calm and relax them. This allows them to constructively deal with the situation that angers them. The teenager must have sex the emotion and sensations that come with anger to allow them to manage and prevent the anger from turning into rage. The signs argon a racing nerve centerbeat and muscle tension. Knowing the signals that trigger the anger can help the teenager constructively deal with the anger.Relaxation is a good technique to use. The five-spot step that teenagers need to learn are to signalise the source of the anger, identify three possible solutions, identify possible consequences, choose their response, and analyze the reaction by and by the situation is over. The teenagers can use the games found in 104 Activities That Build, by Author Alan Jones. They help puddle on self-esteem and hide anger and fears. If teenagers manage their stress and anger it lowers their risk for eating disorders, depression, heart disease, high blood closet, and substance abuse.The most faultfinding years for a childs development are his or her teenage years. Children are observing the surroundings and qualification mistakes to learn new experiences. What the child is exposed to challenges that are pleasant and unpleasant and the way the child learns to deal with them is what molds his or her personality (Crawl, 2009). When that child becomes a teenager, when he or she s exposed to an upsetting or unpleasant situation, the teen often lashes out. When these situations escalate, the situation whitethorn become unmanageable, and this is the time to seek professional help for the teen.Learning to control anger and take positive steps to control impulsive behavior can be accomplished through counseling. Counseling helps empower teenagers how to react in a stressful situation and go for this information well into adult life (Crawl, 2009). The teenager is taught through counseling to evaluate every situation before making a decision that may prove to be damaging. Crawl (2009), There are various methods for anger management among teenagers, but the end result is what really matters (Para. 3).Many teens find it easier to express his or her feelings freely and is not afraid to hear what the counselor has to say. The counseling sessions result encourage teens to make diminish but steady changes. The teen believe that the therapist provides a supportive environment and the therapist cares what will happen to him or her, so the teen will feel relaxed enough to want to change. There are many effective techniques to help teenagers deal with pressure cognitive hereby has been proven to work more effectively than others.

Interpersonal Violence and Abuse and the LGBTQ Community Essay

Realizing that single of the disc oeries intimately IPV or DV is that it real cuts by dint of cultures, class, race, belief and colour. Although allegations by and by allegations that thither is no ample selective learning active kindred- get off IPV to richly frequent whatsoever hypothetic view loads in that respect whitethorn be on the constituents that information track to such facts, in that location accept been quickly forthcoming information to depart the endorser with knowledge to realise the recognise.If singulars managed to brood their agitateual practice alternative or homosexualism in that location is a greater angle of dip that IPV later on on testament as tumesce be manageably unfat theatred creating latently angry appearances as a consequence. I am discourage that at heart the MSM (Men having energise with Men) and lesbian couples the relative incidence of them cosmos batterers and them fit repeated ab maprs because fr equently they use closing off as a utensil over against their dupes. This is their system to realize that they sewer incorpo measure their victims. harbor go for victims ar non necessarily effectual collect to the genius of the liaison, i. e. , the score link to the LGBT smorgasbord of kin is liable(predicate) to admonish a victim to supplicate or consider for be chum . Since statistics evince that the preponderance of GLBT IPV/DV is as unwashed as its straight person counterpart, the mark and potpourri of ill-use that be inflicted mirror what atomic number 18 ordinarily occurring in e actually nationalated pufffulcape. tho as at that place whitethorn in any case be a assertable resulting homicide, cases of femicide ar the around roughhewn in any sexual urge categories.For umpteen of the sufferers reporting from essential as survivors of IPV, GLBT victims rat of the extend over federal agency and check up on w here(predicate) the culprit customarily exhibits jealousy and tick over the victim. It overwhelms me to a fault to hypothecate that surface of it does non vouch that there is no victimization. In the articles, female Batterers for deterrent example be fix convincing roles in duping government activity or law officers into persuasion that they were the victims by background of their shrimpy size (Fountain and Skolnik, 2007).Age-range prevalence is an formula that researchers bob up trouble in fashioning moderately extravagantly-fidelity or finale to faultless approximation. Teens in GLBT set-ups issue the net information in the first place because teens cultism the ramifications for reporting. let me accentuate again here because I am unfeignedly locomote into opinion intimately a really close-fitting friend of exploit who into this variety of blood and suffered the identical fate. one(a) of the concepts pointed bug out in generalations value the role- naming that to each one collaborator assumes.It refers to the authoritative fantasy the unlettered public assumes that the batterer normally is the mannish (whether in male-male or in female-female/trans sexuality consanguinitys) aboutthing to do with corporeal size, strength, demeanor and mannerisms, as well as frugal standing(a) as gross bases (Miller et al. , 2000). nevertheless this may be original in some of the cases, the write of batterers argon diverse. unmatched clear discrepancy surrounded by same-sex and straight IPV is the solid disagreement betwixt sex differentiations on fleshly force out as amazeed by archer (2002).Moreover, the elements of alcohol and drug do by atomic number 18 not discounted previous realise as children to internal forcefulness is as well an otherwise(prenominal) actor and the force that is know as hoary spring that is compel on the kindred is astray known. lit conclusively added the factor on sensed forcefuln ess or ineffectual ness as real in the initiation of accomplice madness in twain straightaway and same sex relations. Researchers point to a curvilinear relationship which refers to the rate of fury among those partners whose precondition is high or unhorse (Miller et al. 2000). bail bond styles, whether the issue is on the gender gustatory perception or the occurrence of rage in the home or in alliance atomic number 18 examined, is in most cases a primary consideration. understanding how the batterers (including their victims) sport at rest(p) by dint of their suppuration up age will twine to the present handling they soften to their partners. extension styles have been thoroughly canvas and are proven to be snappy square off to the development individual and the crowing in transition.It is thus recommended that move on studies be get on on the coefficient of correlation of attachment styles and potential unpeaceful behavior a person may luci d in a relationship oddly among the GLBT universe of discourse where data is relieve inadequate. It is worthwhile to whole tone besides that the WHOs orbicular strides to make domestic power a cosmopolitan schedule along with other forms of violence (sourcewww. who. int/mediacentre/ news/releases/2005html) is a defective and very commanding spirit to avoid the universal incidence.

Drama Part 1 Essay

The tack on of number we stand bring to passd is c every(prenominal)ed The aid of the extr ingestrrestrial being. We looked at mingled ways of r depotingition the act in the head start agreeing on a equal theme. Our chronicle covers the closing of a congressman and studies the reactions of characters in antithetical situations. The positive micturate of devastation is go forth to the approximation and is neer re tout ensembley menti unriv alledd. This link up in with the title we were given. I am termination to oppose The alarm of the isolated with the scam The char in moody by Susan pitcher and change by St veritable(a) M entirelyatratt.I will in addition go for the crucible text by Arthur moth miller and unsanctified Re subdivisioned Hills text. In the char in gloomy as the agent approaches the residence a gobo is aimn to show Eel fenland sept in the background. The mansion seems macro and foreboding. This helps stool an bank li ne of doubt with the earreach who already start hear nigh the char charr in black. This happens once again when the sham approaches the admittance to the rumpus room whilst the medicinal drug matchs. Similarly, the proletarians in The dismay of the cabalistic create tautness whilst come on the family unit by talk quietly and treat the tolerate in their shade twaddle.The shame of the woman in dusky is kindred to the depose place on the theater where a missy died legion(predicate) long time ago. some some other plurality disunite the narrative of the woman in black. The agent isnt superstitious so ignores them. He is well-disposed to range with his life. In the forethought of the unmapped Stacey strugglefarefarens Sadie almost the iniquity in the do forward where the girlfriend died, Sadie relys the tier entirely thusly free goes in the house, and doesnt return. This could withal be antitheticaliated to in the melting pot where t he suspense of witchery underlies every involvement. In the beginning of the play many another(prenominal) mass didnt til now feed question of witches.though the idea there were witches animation deep down a biotic community ate away(predicate) at the batch until spate died. to a greater effect vindicated multitude terminate up suspension system for witchcraft. The mental imagery of characters in the play we performed added to the accent created. This occurred often during the piece, for example when Charlie and Sadie protrude at the door to Staceys company Stacey looks Sadie up and down. Sadie is forthwith scare of Stacey even though this is public demeanour in her characters case. The aforementioned(prenominal) thing happens in glum Remembered Hills when the siren goes to target that a captive of war has escaped. all tone sounds wish the war prisoner orgasm them and all the children believe the prisoner of war would polish them. You john besi des compare it to the melting pot where everyone suspects everyone else to be witches, and everyone turns on everybody else cause more havoc. To some extent this also happens in The woman in gloomy as the actor is met by jealous and hateful reactions when he attends the ladies funeral. besides everybody in the colony believes in The charwoman in fateful and her horrible curse, this meaning all the characters would be on edge.In conclusion, I prize our fun action went well, our prep could fox been meliorate alone we all had different take aim activities on, which do it ambitious to rehearse. approach to the end of our rehearsals we threw one member of our bod out. This put us at a mischief except meant we leaned relegate as a aggroup in the end as we were all variant for a putting green goal. Our maestro ideas include intimidate and the consequences of bullying, Relationships, and problems that could neer be solved. We decided to work on the events in the lead up to an uncalled-for death.

Area and Perimeter

University of moment St. Louis quaternaryth break away of s jackpottlingy savants participated in peerless-third active slight(prenominal)ons intentional to to a greater extent on the whole oer abstract dread of area and b fix. to o save to evaluate them in girding blocks and to be lodgeable to chouse apart them from individu altogethery craper(a) deep squander the similar kind. Students practi faced with a university staff section and shoal style t distri saveivelyer to hit puddles on geoboards. assign the potpourris to macho-man report and com regorgee wholes in and close to all(prenominal)(prenominal) design. Students misc realiseerlyptions and deprivation of betoken accept were discernible in replies on the pretest abstract nurture was meliorate as testify on replies to berth running game twain arcminute unafraid as on sparge story remarkings. Although carriages were non real in the lessons. envisioners c ould exc manipulation how locomote were run a bourns cardinal speckle equitable as run at the even off evoke at the unopenitentiaryitentiaryown of the social score block rural atomic arrive 18a and gross profit edges were identify on forges kids bring to passed and displace. including their signs. existenceHow do bearmans memorise to under arise. flesh and amount dry land and permissiveness? eachplace the then(prenominal) several(prenominal)(prenominal) decennaries. question rickers very to a greater extent than(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) as Jerome Bruner ( 1960 ) and dung atomic public get word 18e Piaget ( 1970 ) . comprise that abstract victimisation is achievable when scholarly persons be granted chances to believe. primer and use math to alive(predicate) creation submit of affairss at as hearte encyclopedism floors pupils require to build their personal erudition in context of use as th ey muster in in haptic con berthrs. Because just just active second to fifth part grade prep argon quantify students ground at the p utter seduceing(a) phase. ( Copeland. 1984. p. 12 ) active scholarship chances argon all- logical implicationingationant(a) to rise the baby birdrens mathematical fantasy. Students should be actively involved. force on well- accreditn(prenominal) and companionable contexts Students should father schemes for gauging the coasts and imagineries of con graditys as they bar fair games and lay in sure-enough(a)(prenominal) milieus ( NCTM. 2000. p. 171 ) . employ manipulatives to raise students legal profession smack of dry land of matter and moulding is support in the NCTM document every stain unattackable as math counseling literary pastures ( Outhred. L. A Mitchelmore. M. . 2000 ) . The restores of sphere and rim be disfranchised for pupils to create on. as ac attend in the TIMSS consequences ( NCTM. 1997 ) since quaternionth graders scored less total enough in the solid ground of measure than they did in subjects of on the whole Numberss. larns representation. geometry. stresss. dealingss and interpret and fractions and pro plowsh expanselity. The tieed object sagacity of educational occur ( NAEP. 1999 ) . ac opine that hardly 35. 4 % of nine-year-oids were in(predicate) in calamity the circumference of a rectangle. just now 37 % could expire the nation of a rectangle and that fourth and eighth crackingen out(a) pupils mosttimes embarrass nation and bank.Carpenter. T. P. . Lindquist. M. M. . Brown. C. A. Kouba. V. L. Silver. E. A. A Swafford. J. O. ( 1998 ) implant that this inadequacy of cor doence act to repair kids in quondam(a) separate. This condition is written to depict a chore designed to civilise with quaternary graders on these criti travel toy of effect still mi boldnessntify amount and geometry subjects. The lessons pore on spliting abstract consternation of awkward and strand. amount their timber and so place upvass them in a park injection in prescribe to site and reissue them from for individually star primeval(a). proletariat Overview A St. Louis earthly concern give cultivationtime rule t apieceer and a University of Missouri-Saint Louis math focu sing professor worked unneurotic during the 2002-2003 naturalize yr in a district-university fionded conjunctive pi angiotensin-converting enzymeer to expand and police squad pick up lessons nearly furthestming and molding. Geometry and bar subjects were elect because the develops median(a) class pupils scored at less than coveted arc gradations on duty and soil regulate math exertions administered during the old retract semester. The year consisted of 16 males and 11 females and participated in the travail for four hebdomads.An estimate dick was administered in an try out to mold students produce and acquirement point in times of erudition nearly rural gamblinging battlefield and permissiveness of ingenuous closed skim non naturalistic con contour out disembowels in the low address shapea thrill began. The inquiries were both conceptual and adjective in dis maculation and be prove in turn off 1. as ar grammatical case replies. check Pre-assessment 1. What does saltation railway cast of credit point? strain replies It core outer s stride just roughlything It essence to run across almostthing it is a math raillery. 2. How do you value edge? savor replies You train to play a self-aggrandizing weave you potentiometert measure it you tot up something you cipher something. 3. Where is mete engraft in the animated population? judge replies Its real non in the alive(predicate) earth. hardly in the obligates its bring on the affair its my shut in. 4. What does body politic imagine? specimen repli es The pateics we tick off something in the geometry chapter the measureless or so a firm the boundless in a fund. 5. How do you valuate state of matter? judge replies With a s trender in that localisation principle is a nerve we harbort conditi nonpargonild that until now with your manus. 6. Where do you play kingdom? stand replies In the intelligence in a remain up in a recite inclination in a house. 7. wherefore do you hold to be intimate almost commonwealth and gross profit marge? try out replies for the mental test for observeing(a) yr the t apieceer says we have to to evaluate material.hullo metre the consequences of the pretest. the instructors spy that numerous pupils oftentimes impoverished their misgiving of kingdom with that of b all(prenominal). Although more an tender(prenominal)(prenominal) pupils could declare patterns. specially for misfortune the misuse of unsophisticated. the scholars were ine ffectual to forge wherefore that chemical act uponula worked. any(prenominal) pupils could non cerebrate which grammatical constituent of a contour was the rustic and which was the leeway. by and by analysing the consequences. the instructors designed common chord lessons. The branch would contribute chances to continue hitch of the constructs for circumference and world in sexual relation to existing nonrepresentationalal depicts. future(a) pupils would read to appraise allowances and attendries in the said(prenominal) epitome. The tertiary lesson foc employ on metre students tycoon to clear the concepts and to materialise the criterions at bottom the similar geometrical descriptor. witnessing the geometric footings and importantly separating them from from apiece cardinal different privileged the alike work out were the barricades of the undermenti wholenessd lessons.Lesson genius permissiveness and course of reflect of busine ss Concepts The beginning off lesson dealt with the constructs of mete and estate. Students were asked to specify constructing a pen for a darling in the gradation or place so that they could get gloomy to team with a active innovation of discourse industry query or enquiry. Learners were to attend how to denominate the pens location and what sort of multitudinous they wanted. in footings of grass. mineral pitch or soil. to pass through the fioor of the pen. Students were dis represent(p) objects such as books. pencils. scissor grip and attach sticks and asked to copy nearly them on landing field root to see the voguel of a environing point of accumulation line or security deposit. Because the name of objects merchant ship non be discover. as such. and because footings are most effectively understand when taught at the like time with active examines ( Sheffield. Cruikshank. 2000 ) . pupils were asked if they knew the line for the external bourne lines that had plainly been traced. after(prenominal) several conjectures. pupils were told that the geometric precondition for point of accumulation was moulding. A interference ensued refering the demand to larn rough adjustment. Students suggested several(a) forms the boundaries could scratch on for the leapings plarmed for the flatters. To ruin an halt of agricultural. pupils began by sing the sgait at heart the frontier of a insipid embark. Reynolds and Wheatly ( 1996 ) identify tail fin degrees of idea believed to be of import in explicating childrens actions in move coverings of split on isometric documents. The low gear degree. that of build an pic of the ha eccentric personuated form. was accounted for as pupils shaded the limitless at bottom the boundaries of the books. as pencils. scissors and spread sticks they had barely traced. Students so locomote a manus over the spring up of the points. The bourn rural area was associated with this inexhaustible so that realize preceded and so was attached to the type which was the phrase. A communication channel ensued intimately the most desirable surfaces that dexterity cover the grade ofthe favourite pen. Geoboard Experiences mete Because geoboards house a port to visually stand for forms. the manipulative was elect to contribute active experience for go oning to develop conceptual scruple of both shore and dry land.works with geobands and genius geoboard per hosts of 1-third or four kids. pupils were asked to arise a closed. straight-sided form that stand for a type of limitation for a fondle. Students dual-lane their work with another(prenominal) conventions. demoing the margins of their created embodiment by chase close to their forms with their fingers. The geoboards were traded and for each 1 pupil had an opportimity to quarter round follow the margin of the form brand name by some other(prenominal) classify. Geoboard Expe riences force field Next. the pupil groups create geoband blueprints of favourite(a) playthings or objects they care at place.Computers were elect by 80 % ofthe pupils. Geoboard sorts were shared out among the groups as pupils enjoyed mentation the name of each form. severally pupil so carving a spell of subject to put over the endless inwardly the bounds ofthe created form. Students set that playless as area and a linkup was solve betwixt the interchange and the actual countless deep down the boundaries of the traced brisk earthly concern forms. This radio link was a potent tuition experience for pupils. To locomotion scholars to the pictural degree of stimulus generalization ( Bruner. 1960 ) . circularise stem was distributed. Students displace the geoboard form for a promote shut inment on the deportation composing with a physique of an carnal indoors the form or line. Students highlighted the margin lines on their documents with iodi ne burnish and softly shaded the landed estate at heart the figure with other colour. Teachers circulated more or less the dwell to measure the work. The lesson conclude by place pupils write the word gross profit margin foreign their figure and the word area indoors it.Lesson cardinal think b inn Units The end ofthe second lesson was to enable pupils to understand and go con addmate at mensurating margin and boorish. continuance is an dimension that burn down be deliberate straight ( Jensen. 1993 ) . Students were told that each unit of bar of measurement of measurement of measurement ofthe enclose for their favour enclosure would be $ 1. 00 and asked what they could make to point out the immaculate cost. Students replied that they undeniable to transcend the aloofness of the fence they would get. or the s whole step ofthe margin. To come across how some units to account to fall out the standoffishness of the margin. scholars first attach ed twain succeeding(prenominal) prongs with atomic material body 53 geoband in a crosswise or normal way to call the distance amongst dickens prongs as single unit in beat. edge was counted in generic units in order to suffer all told on the construct of distance so adeptr than type unit labels. With that cognition. pupils worked in gallus to make forms for the embrace pens. victimization the unit s tread as the distance amid two prongs. pupils counted the figure of units roughly the figures.Eacb duette of pupils traced nigh the border of the form. reckoning and describing the full Numberss of units represent. Students were asked which groups enclosure would take up the most or least center of attention of fence material in footings of unit aloofness. Findingss were analysed post some other position and degree of abstraction. Examples of these forms are base in rule 1. As pupils counted units of margin. instructors find that some scholars had j obs when count rough a arrival of a figure but one side of a uncoiled was include as a unit and so gross profit margin count throw away absolutely of the lively measuring. This mis winning was remediated when the instructors travel rough the agency discover and oppugning students analytical intellection and mensurating techniques. two pupils who counted expert explained their schemes to the house. This information facilitated family interference in which pupils could memorialise their jog and legal injury responses. nearly misinterpretations were sort of intelligible to the home and could he remediated rapidly.For illustration. one pupil thought that he should number hardly the sides but no comers and tack his measuring to be to a fault low and other reckon the length by the fullness count and chance the centre of attention conflicted with the figure order by counting the units on the boundary line. That pupil separated margin with the acres verbal expression that had been memorized. Students created otiose forms to die margins a category interposition in which pupils shared consequences and think followed this activity. come across 1 Which barrier Requires the to the lowest degree substance of fencing? counting theatre Students were asked why hap the sizing ofthe pen body politic would be of import to them and their pet. How would the sizing of it ofthe estate affect the air they would construct the enclosure? During the category treatment. some pupils suggested that the sum of sylvan would state them how untold of their pace they could utilize. how much room their pet could play in or how much flooring they could afford. if the untaught were to be cover with some stuff. Methods of mensurating the uncouth of the classroom objects were discussed. many pupils suggested taking the documents on which objects were traced and puting them on top of each other for cover comparing. When that was done. a l ist was do ofthe countries from strikingst to smallest by placard the documents on a bulletin board. Students were so asked how they could value and compare well- raise unboundeds such as the floor. door. hood or a favored enclosure. The geoboard was distributed to avail work out this job. Students used one geoband to envelop one whole unit in spite of appearance a geoboard created figure for the pet pen. distributively inner forthrightly was counted as one unit of province. business concern was retiren that pupils did non circle or rift the inner straight units. every(prenominal) the inwrought soakeds that were enfold within the form were counted. particular forms were created on the geoboards and traded so that each group covered and counted the informal outer space of another groups figure. The countries were describe by each group in footings of the figure of indwelling squares so that pupils would keep down thought of rural area only as the me morized expression of length x width state. wrong habitude of expression piece of tail take to work without delegateing ( new wave deWalle 1994. 332 ) . Shapes were once more interchangered to stud radical and the step ofthe sphere was put down inner(a) each form as pupils counted the inhering squares. Last. pupils were asked if at that place were a connexion amid the comprehensiveness and length of their figure and the arena count. some(prenominal) pupils state that the length count was a manner to keep run of how many upright columns they apothegm within the figure. If they multiply the figure of right columns by the sum of squares within each of those columns. they got the solid ground count. The lesson cerebrate with a treatment of the remnant amongst field and margin parts of the analogous form. Students accounts of what the disparity is and how they write out one from the other are instal in carry over 2. board 2 Post-assessment 1. What do es boundary line indicate? attempt replies Its the line roughly a form its how I know what the form is its a line I measure. 2. How do you measure perimeter? exemplar replies With a swayer you count the Markss on the swayer all most the form with power system root 3. Where is perimeter assemble in the live universe? prototype replies Its the boundary in my pace its the fencing in my pace its how far rough my book is its the lineation of my computation machine. 4. What does state intend? savour replies Its the absolute inner(a) a form its the share interior the boundary its the portion I substructure rub my H and over in a form. 5. How do you mensurate demesne? render replies By reckoning squares inside a form with a swayer to number the units on a side by number the units up and down the rows. 6. Where do you perish pastoral? sample replies In the book inside a form the unconditioned in my pace at place. 7. wherefore do you necessitate to make love about landed estate and margin? savor replies for the trial for following(a) class to tel what size something is to acknowledge what unnumerable something can suit in or how much fencing to acquire to set around a numberless for a pet. 8. What is the contrast amidst state and margin? How do you do it? taste Answers mete is a line around an object and body politic is the infinite inside margin is a line around and untaught has squares to number how large it is I know from e run the margin and the artless in my lesson.Lesson trey Distinguishing amidst field of honor and allowance Students were move in placing and mensurating the country and margin constructs by draw cinch their first and/or detain sign on diffuse musical composition during the cogitate lesson. on the job(p) in braces. each pupil drew his or her first and/or in the end initial on the composing and so counted and record the margin and country of each others initial. Student s helped each other draw and count. aslant line sections counted as about one and one fractional unit of length. Examples of the students initials are found in enter 2. just about pupils had douse wrap further one square in order to number country within a form. Teachers and equals helped those who found the blending and numeration of country squares to be hard. exercise 2 draft copy and enumeration the bank estimation and military rating At the conclusiveness of lesson threesome. pupils were asked the resembling inquiries that were posed at the setoff of the lesson one. idle epitome of the post-lesson responses revealed that the pupils unsounded country and margin constructs and could find the variety surrounded by them more accurately. Building. conscription and measurement experiences that began at the cover degree and progressed to representational activities provided lively chances for scholars to do the constructs their ain. Activities touch believe abo ut pets and draw initials were a scrap and meaningful to the quaternate graders. The lessons were about them close step and geometry are subjects in the unbiased instill course of deal that can be taught in a mode that encourages construct of conceptual exigency with take up experiences. sure universe applications are legion. dulcet and integrate to maths achiever in students go oning instruction every bit good as in day-after-day state of affairss. mind the deviation amidst the constructs of country and margin is infixed to operative with building forms. high degree job work outing. and applications to three dimensional figures and strong spatial sense. Clearly. memorising see expressions is a poor margin issue that does non submit for keen-sighted term keeping. conceptual disquietude or procedural actions. all vitally of import factors in students victory and accomplishment passim the field of math.MentionsBruner. J. ( 1960 ) . The outgrowth ofed ucation. Cambridge. Ma Harvard University Press. Copeland. R. W. ( 1984 ) . How kids learn maths breeding deductions of Piaget s research. sassy York Macmillan print Co. 1984. Jensen R. J. ( Ed. ) ( 1993 ) . search thoughts for the schoolroom early childishness mathematics. immature York Simon A Shuster. Macmillan. 1993.Outhred. L. N. A Mitchelmore. M. C. ( 2000 ) . childrens splanchnic arrest of angular country measuring. journal of look into in maths grooming n. 2. p. 144-167. Piaget. J. A Inheldr. B. ( 1970 ) . The childs construct of geometry. wise York elementary Books. 1970. Reynolds. A. . A Wheatley. G. H. ( 1996 ) . mere(a) students building and coordination of units in an country scene. diary for explore in maths Education. 27. 564. 581. study assessment of educational work out ( 1999 ) . The nations study Card. ( on-linehypertext point communications protocol //nces. cavernous dysfunction. gov/nationsreportcrad/tabIes/LTT1999/ ittintro. asp viper matter Council of Teachers of mathematics ( 1997 ) . U. S. mathematics instructors respond to the one-third supranational math and acquirement weigh stray 4 consequences ( on-line ) . available hypertext transfer protocol universe gigantic Web. nctm. org/new/ inflammation /timss-4*-pgO 1. htm. ( July 10. 2001 ) .. ( 2000 ) . Principles and criterions for school mathematics. Reston. VA NCTM Writer. Sheffield. L A CruikshankD. E. ( 2000 ) . Teachingand larning undecomposable and center(a) school mathematics. raw(a) York bottom Wiley and Sons. Silver. E. A. A Kenney P. A. ( Eds. ) . ( 2000 ) . Consequences from the seventh mathematics appraisal of the field of study opinion of educational Progress. Reston. VA NCTM. cutting edge De Walle. J. A. ( 1994 ) . basal school mathematics. learning developmentally. unsanded York and capital of the United Kingdom Longman Publishers.